To quickly gather basic system details like the host name and how long the system has been running, PsInfo is the right choice. This Sysinternals tool is designed to query a machine and display essential system information, including the host name, uptime, OS version, and other details, either locally or on a remote computer. The other tools in the Ps family serve different purposes—PsLoggedOn shows who’s logged on, PsList lists processes, and PsShutdown handles shutdown/reboot actions—so they wouldn’t provide a straightforward view of host name and uptime.

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NFS runs over RPC, so to find an open NFS port and the services it provides you check the RPC service registry on the target. The tool that asks the registry (the portmapper) what RPC programs are registered, their versions, and which ports they listen on is ideally suited for this. By querying the target, you’ll see the NFS program (with its versions) and the port it’s using, which commonly appears as the NFS port 2049. This confirms both that NFS is available and exactly which port it’s on. Other options are focused on time synchronization or NTP-related tasks, not on discovering RPC-based services like NFS.

Reputation-based filtering uses threat intelligence to classify IP addresses and other sources as known threats. In a security framework, evaluating whether an IP or service is a threat source lets the system block or limit traffic from that source before it reaches sensitive resources. Cisco IPS Source IP Reputation Filtering does this directly by consulting threat-intelligence feeds to mark certain source IPs as malicious or suspicious and enforce blocking or restrictions accordingly, reducing exposure from compromised hosts, botnets, or scanners. RFC 3704 Filtering is about preventing spoofed addresses by ensuring packets have believable source addresses, not about judging whether the source itself is harmful. Traffic Pattern Analysis examines how traffic behaves to spot anomalies, which helps detect potential threats but doesn’t inherently tag a source as a threat by reputation. Event Log Analysis involves reviewing logs to detect and investigate incidents after they occur, rather than proactively identifying threat sources at the entry point.

Runtime Application Self-Protection is a security technology that sits inside the running application and watches its own execution in real time. It monitors data flows, code paths, and inputs as requests come in, applying security policies to detect suspicious activity that indicates an attack. When something malicious is detected, it can block or mitigate the attack immediately and provide detailed telemetry about what’s happening in the live app. This combination of real-time attack detection and visibility into the app’s vulnerabilities as it runs is what makes RASP the right choice for detecting runtime attacks in real-time applications. Other options are not designed to do this. A security misconfiguration refers to a type of vulnerability or risk, not a runtime protection mechanism. A web app security scanner like the N-Stalker is used to discover weaknesses by probing the app, not to protect and monitor it as it runs. BeEF focuses on browser exploitation and post-compromise activities, not on in-application runtime protection or real-time visibility.