Fee simple absolute in possession is the most complete form of ownership of land, giving the holder indefinite duration and exclusive control. It is created by a deed, the proper instrument that transfers ownership from the granter to the grantee. If the land is registered, the freehold estate is then entered in the Land Registry to reflect the holder’s title; if the land is unregistered, the deed itself suffices to prove ownership. It is not something that requires an Act of Parliament, nor is it limited to grants from the Crown. Therefore, the statement that it is created by deed and, where applicable, registered with the Land Registry best describes how this estate comes into being and is recorded.

The main idea is that coal is a mineral resource controlled by a specific government body rather than by the landowner. In this framework, the Coal Authority holds the rights to coal beneath land and is responsible for licensing mining and managing coal resources. The landowner may own the surface, but the minerals—like coal—are owned by the state and administered by the Coal Authority. This is why the correct answer is the Coal Authority: it is the entity empowered to own and manage coal, rather than the landowner or a private group. The other options don’t fit because a landowner does not automatically own coal, and a miners’ cooperative is not the owner under this system; while the Crown holds ultimate sovereignty over mineral resources, the practical owner and manager of coal rights is the Coal Authority acting on behalf of the Crown.

The main idea is a mortgage where regular payments are structured to eliminate the loan balance by the end of the term. A repayment mortgage achieves this by including both interest and a portion of the capital in each payment, so the outstanding balance decreases over time until it reaches zero at the end of the term. In contrast, an interest-only mortgage asks for payments that cover only the interest, leaving the principal to be paid in full at the end; a balloon mortgage features a large lump-sum payment at the end to settle the balance rather than amortizing it throughout the term; and a flexible mortgage may allow varying payments or overpayments but does not by default guarantee full repayment by the end unless the balance is actively cleared. Therefore, the repayment mortgage is the type designed to repay the full loan by the end of the term.

Restrictive covenants are promises that limit what you can do with land, creating a negative obligation that binds current and future owners. A clause that says you must not build above a certain height is a classic example: it restricts how the land can be developed and therefore is a restrictive covenant. The other options describe different concepts: requiring maintenance is a positive covenant (an obligation to do something), not paying rent relates to a tenancy rather than a land-use restriction, and a right to light is an easement, a separate kind of rights over someone else’s land.

A pecuniary legacy is a bequest of money—a fixed sum left to a beneficiary in a will. The clearest example is a straight cash gift, such as £10,000, because it represents a precise amount of money to be paid to the recipient. Giving a named asset like a car or a Chesterfield sofa isn’t money at all, so those are specific legacies of property rather than monetary gifts. The option of £1,000 from a named bank account is money too, but it’s typically treated as a demonstrative (source-restricted) legacy rather than a plain pecuniary one. That makes it a more nuanced category than a straightforward cash gift, whereas £10,000 is the classic, uncomplicated pecuniary legacy.