CITI PROGRAM HSR SBE
PRACTICE EXAM
COMPLETE 75 QUESTIONS
Question 1: Which Belmont Report principle is most directly re�ected by giving prospective participants enough understandable information to make a voluntary decision about joining a study?
Choices:
1) Respect for persons 2) Justice 3) Bene�cence 4) Scienti�c validity
Correct Answer: Respect for persons
Explanation: Respect for persons requires recognizing individual autonomy and providing additional protection when autonomy is diminished. An understandable and voluntary informed-consent process is a primary application of that principle.
Question 2: A researcher intentionally recruits only economically disadvantaged
adults for a burdensome study because they are easy to access, even though the Page 1
research question applies equally to the broader population. Which Belmont principle is most clearly threatened?
Choices:
1) Bene�cence 2) Justice 3) Respect for persons 4) Con�dentiality
Correct Answer: Justice
Explanation: Justice concerns the fair distribution of the burdens and bene�ts of research.Selecting a disadvantaged group mainly for convenience can unfairly concentrate research burdens on that group.
Question 3: An investigator redesigns a sensitive interview study to remove
unnecessary questions and adds a distress-response plan. Which Belmont principle is most directly being applied?
Choices:
1) Justice 2) Respect for persons 3) Bene�cence 4) Institutional authority
Correct Answer: Bene�cence
Explanation: Bene�cence requires researchers to minimize possible harms and maximize possible bene�ts. Removing unnecessary sensitive questions and planning how to respond to distress are risk-minimization measures.Page 2
Question 4: Which historical development most directly led to the U.S. National
Research Act of 1974 and the modern federal system of IRB oversight?
Choices:
1) The adoption of FERPA 2) The development of online surveys 3) The creation of the Freedom of Information Act 4) Public concern about unethical human-subjects research
Correct Answer: Public concern about unethical human-subjects research
Explanation: The National Research Act followed major public concern about unethical research involving human participants and helped establish the modern framework for institutional review boards and national ethical guidance.Question 5: A study o�ers a very large payment to people facing severe �nancial hardship for a procedure that carries substantial inconvenience. What is the primary ethical concern?
Choices:
1) The payment may create undue in�uence on the decision to participate 2) The payment automatically makes the research more than minimal risk 3) Any payment to research participants is prohibited 4) The study cannot include adults with limited income Correct Answer: The payment may create undue in�uence on the decision to participate Explanation: Payment is not inherently unethical, but an o�er can create undue in�uence when it is so attractive in context that it may distort a prospective participant's judgment about accepting research burdens or risks.Page 3